HTML Table

Defining an HTML Table

An HTML table is defined with the <table> tag.
Each table row is defined with the <tr> tag. A table header is defined with the <th> tag. By default, table headings are bold and centered. A table data/cell is defined with the <td> tag.
Example:

<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
    <th>Firstname</th>
    <th>Lastname</th>
    <th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
    <td>Smith</td>
    <td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td>Eve</td>
    <td>Jackson</td>
    <td>94</td>
</tr>
</table>

Note: The <td> elements are the data containers of the table.
They can contain all sorts of HTML elements; text, images, lists, other tables, etc.

HTML Table - Adding a Border

If you do not specify a border for the table, it will be displayed without borders.
A border is set using the CSS border property:

table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
}

Note:Remember to define borders for both the table and the table cells.

HTML Table - Collapsed Borders

If you want the borders to collapse into one border, add the CSS border-collapse property:

table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;}

HTML Table - Adding Cell Padding

Cell padding specifies the space between the cell content and its borders.
If you do not specify a padding, the table cells will be displayed without padding.
To set the padding, use the CSS padding property:

th, td {
padding: 15px;}

HTML Table - Left-align Headings

By default, table headings are bold and centered.
To left-align the table headings, use the CSS text-align property:

th {
text-align: left;}

HTML Table - Adding Border Spacing

Border spacing specifies the space between the cells.
To set the border spacing for a table, use the CSS border-spacing property:

table {
border-spacing: 5px;}

Note: If the table has collapsed borders, border-spacing has no effect.

HTML Table - Cells that Span Many Columns

To make a cell span more than one column, use the colspan attribute:

<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
    <th>Name</th>
    <th colspan="2">Telephone</th>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td>Bill Gates</td>
    <td>09876</td>
    <td>09876</td>
</tr>
</table>

HTML Table - Cells that Span Many Rows

To make a cell span more than one row, use the rowspan attribute:

<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
    <th>Name:</th>
    <td>Bill Gates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <th rowspan="2">Telephone:</th>
    <td>09876</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td>09876</td>
</tr>
</table>

HTML Table - Adding a Caption

To add a caption to a table, use the <caption> tag:

<table style="width:100%">
<caption>Monthly savings</caption>
<tr>
    <th>Month</th>
    <th>Savings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td>January</td>
    <td>$100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td>February</td>
    <td>$50</td>
</tr>
</table>

Note: The <caption> tag must be inserted immediately after the <table> tag.

Summary

Use the HTML <table> element to define a table
Use the HTML <tr> element to define a table row
Use the HTML <td> element to define a table data
Use the HTML <th> element to define a table heading
Use the HTML <caption> element to define a table caption
Use the CSS border property to define a border
Use the CSS border-collapse property to collapse cell borders
Use the CSS padding property to add padding to cells
Use the CSS text-align property to align cell text
Use the CSS border-spacing property to set the spacing between cells
Use the colspan attribute to make a cell span many columns
Use the rowspan attribute to make a cell span many rows
Use the id attribute to uniquely define one table

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